Importance of test–retest reliability for promoting fMRI based screening and interventions in major depressive disorder

Abstract Proponents of personalized medicine have promoted neuroimaging in three areas clinical application for major depression: prediction, outcome evaluation, and treatment, via neurofeedback. Whereas psychometric considerations such as test–retest reliability are basic precursors to adoption most instruments, we show, this article, that psychometrics not been regularly attended fMRI depression. For instance, no neurofeedback study has included measures reliability, despite the implicit assumption brain signals stable enough train. We consider several factors could be useful aid translation, including (1) attending how BOLD response is parameterized, (2) identifying promoting regions or voxels with stronger properties, (3) accounting within-individual changes (e.g., symptomatology) across time, (4) focusing on tasks populations relevant intended application. apply these principles published prognostic data sets. The broad implication work attention important mechanistic assessment, feasible, may improve underlying science.